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建设银行网站怎么修改手机号码吗,禁止拿我们的网站做宣传,中国搜索,潍坊企化网站建设写在前面 考试整理相关笔记博文内容涉及 Linux tuned 调优工具的简单认知调优配置文件的简单说明#xff0c;自定义调优方案介绍理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正 对每个人而言#xff0c;真正的职责只有一个#xff1a;找到自我。然后在心中坚守其一生#xff0c;全心全意#xff…写在前面 考试整理相关笔记博文内容涉及 Linux tuned 调优工具的简单认知调优配置文件的简单说明自定义调优方案介绍理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正 对每个人而言真正的职责只有一个找到自我。然后在心中坚守其一生全心全意永不停息。所有其它的路都是不完整的是人的逃避方式是对大众理想的懦弱回归是随波逐流是对内心的恐惧 ——赫尔曼·黑塞《德米安》 tuned 性能调优配置 tuned 是Red Hat 开发和维护的一个用于系统性能优化的工具它可以根据不同的工作负载和需求动态地调整系统的各种参数和配置以提供最佳的性能和效能。 官网是这样介绍它 使用 udev 设备管理器监控连接的设备根据选定的配置文件调整系统设置支持各种类型的配置如、sysctl、sysfs 或内核引导命令行参数这些参数是集成的 在插件体系结构中支持设备的热插拔可通过以下方式进行控制 通过命令行或通过 D-Bus因此可以轻松集成 到现有的管理解决方案中例如使用 Cockpit可以在无守护程序模式下运行但功能有限将其所有配置干净地存储在一个地方 - 在 TuneD 配置文件 – 而不是在多个地方进行配置 和自定义脚本 可以通过 tuned 的 profile 根据不同的应用案例对系统进行优化tuned 的核心是 profile 安装工具配置自启动 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/fs] └─\(yum -y install tuned Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 1:07:01 ago on Sun 01 Oct 2023 03:03:42 PM CST. Package tuned-2.13.0-6.el8.noarch is already installed. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete! ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/tuned] └─\)systemctl enable tuned –nowtuned 软件提供了很多个调优方案这些方案根据不同的目标调节内核参数如省电方案、高网络吞吐方案、低延迟方案等。管理员也可以根据自己的需求自定义调优方案。 激活指定的配置文件 tuned-adm profile profile_name ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/tuned] └─\(tuned-adm profile throughput-performance查看激活的配置文件 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/tuned] └─\)tuned-adm active Current active profile: virtual-guest/etc/tuned/目录下包含有active_profile文件该文件记录当前激活的调优方案 tuned-adm list 可以列出可用的配置文件列表,以及当前激活的配置文件 可以看到当前激活的配置文件为 Current active profile: virtual-guest,virtual-guest ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/fs] └─$tuned-adm list Available profiles:

• accelerator-performance - Throughput performance based tuning with disabled higher latency STOP states

• balanced - General non-specialized tuned profile

• desktop - Optimize for the desktop use-case

• hpc-compute - Optimize for HPC compute workloads

• intel-sst - Configure for Intel Speed Select Base Frequency

• latency-performance - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption

• network-latency - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption, focused on low latency network performance

• network-throughput - Optimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G networks

• powersave - Optimize for low power consumption

• throughput-performance - Broadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads

• virtual-guest - Optimize for running inside a virtual guest

• virtual-host - Optimize for running KVM guests Current active profile: virtual-guest ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/fs] └─\(简单描述 accelerator-performance基于吞吐量性能的调整禁用了更高延迟的 STOP 状态,加速模式balanced通用的非特殊化 Tuned 配置文件。均衡模式desktop针对桌面使用场景进行优化。交互式应用的响应速度更快hpc-compute针对 HPC 计算工作负载进行优化。高性能计算intel-sst为 Intel Speed Select Base Frequency 进行配置。latency-performance以牺牲功耗为代价优化确定性性能适合低延迟的需求network-latency以牺牲功耗为代价专注于低延迟网络性能的优化。network-throughput针对流媒体网络吞吐量进行优化通常仅适用于旧的 CPU 或 40G 网络。powersave优化功耗实现低功耗消耗,省电模式throughput-performance最大吞吐量提供磁盘和网络 IO 的吞吐量virtual-guest为运行在虚拟机客户机中进行优化,即虚拟机模式virtual-host为运行 KVM 客户机进行优化运行了虚拟机的宿主机 tuned-adm recommend 用于查看系统推荐的优化方法 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/tuned] └─\)tuned-adm recommend virtual-guesttuned-adm off 用于关闭调优方案 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/tuned] └─\(tuned-adm off新版本有更多的调优策略,提供了更多的调优场景 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/sys/kernel/cgroup] └─\) tuned-adm –version tuned-adm 2.15.0 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/sys/kernel/cgroup] └─\( tuned-adm recommend balanced默认的调优策略为 balanced,下面为提供的调优策略 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/sys/kernel/cgroup] └─\) tuned-adm list Available profiles:

• accelerator-performance - Throughput performance based tuning with disabled higher latency STOP states

• atomic-guest - Optimize virtual guests based on the Atomic variant

• atomic-host - Optimize bare metal systems running the Atomic variant

• balanced - General non-specialized tuned profile

• cpu-partitioning - Optimize for CPU partitioning

• default - Legacy default tuned profile

• desktop - Optimize for the desktop use-case

• desktop-powersave - Optmize for the desktop use-case with power saving

• enterprise-storage - Legacy profile for RHEL6, for RHEL7, please use throughput-performance profile

• hpc-compute - Optimize for HPC compute workloads

• intel-sst - Configure for Intel Speed Select Base Frequency

• laptop-ac-powersave - Optimize for laptop with power savings

• laptop-battery-powersave - Optimize laptop profile with more aggressive power saving

• latency-performance - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption

• mssql - Optimize for MS SQL Server

• network-latency - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption, focused on low latency network performance

• network-throughput - Optimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G networks

• optimize-serial-console - Optimize for serial console use.

• oracle - Optimize for Oracle RDBMS

• postgresql - Optimize for PostgreSQL server

• powersave - Optimize for low power consumption

• realtime - Optimize for realtime workloads

• realtime-virtual-guest - Optimize for realtime workloads running within a KVM guest

• realtime-virtual-host - Optimize for KVM guests running realtime workloads

• sap-hana - Optimize for SAP HANA

• sap-netweaver - Optimize for SAP NetWeaver

• server-powersave - Optimize for server power savings

• spectrumscale-ece - Optimized for Spectrum Scale Erasure Code Edition Servers

• spindown-disk - Optimize for power saving by spinning-down rotational disks

• throughput-performance - Broadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads

• virtual-guest - Optimize for running inside a virtual guest

• virtual-host - Optimize for running KVM guests Current active profile: balancedtuned 的调优策略是基于配置文件的即每个调优策略有对应的配置文件通过配置文件可以简单看看调优做了些什么操作 调优配置文件解析 这里我们简单分析一个一下 配置文件做了什么 以 network-throughput 配置为例 network-throughput调优策略主要针对流媒体网络吞吐量进行优化通常仅适用于旧的 CPU 或 40G 网络。 tuned.conf 是 tuned 调优方案的配置文件配置文件可用放在 /etc/tuned/profile-name/tuned.conf/usr/lib/tuned/profile-name/tuned.conf 其中 /etc/tuned/ 目录的优先级更高 预设的调优配置文件在下面的目录下每个调优方法都有自己的配置文件 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(ls accelerator-performance desktop hpc-compute latency-performance network-throughput recommend.d virtual-guest balanced functions intel-sst network-latency powersave throughput-performance virtual-host ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\)可以看到预设的调优文件分为两部分main 和 sysctl 部分 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─$cat ./network-throughput/tuned.conf #

  tuned configuration

  #[main] summaryOptimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G networks includethroughput-performance[sysctl]

  Increase kernel buffer size maximums. Currently this seems only necessary at 40Gb speeds.

  #

  The buffer tuning values below do not account for any potential hugepage allocation.

  Ensure that you do not oversubscribe system memory.

  net.ipv4.tcp_rmem4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem4096 16384 16777216 net.ipv4.udp_mem3145728 4194304 16777216 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(mail 部分描述了 这个配置文件的作用以及他引用了 throughput-performance 配置文件 includethroughput-performancesysctl 部分描述了他修改的内核参数。这里主要修改了 TCP 和 UDP 相关的网络缓冲区大小。 来看一下引用的配置文件做了哪些调优 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\)cat ./throughput-performance/tuned.conf | grep -v ^#[main] summaryBroadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads[cpu] governorperformance energy_perf_biasperformance min_perf_pct100[disk] readahead4096[sysctl] kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns 10000000 kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 15000000 vm.dirty_ratio 40 vm.dirty_background_ratio 10 vm.swappiness10 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(这里多了 cpu,disk 等配置块 [cpu] 部分包含了与CPU 相关的参数设置。governorperformance 设置 CPU 调频策略为性能模式energy_perf_biasperformance 设置 CPU 能耗性能偏好为性能模式min_perf_pct100 设置 CPU 最小性能百分比为 100%。[disk] 部分包含了与磁盘相关的参数设置。readahead4096 设置磁盘预读取大小为 4096。[sysctl] 部分包含了一些内核参数的设置。例如kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns 设置调度最小粒度的时间间隔为 10,000,000 纳秒kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 设置调度唤醒粒度的时间间隔为 15,000,000 纳秒。此外还有涉及到内存管理的参数设置如 vm.dirty_ratio、vm.dirty_background_ratio 和 vm.swappiness。 关于 配置块的下文会详细介绍除了上面不同的调优策略对应的配置文件 tuned 还提供了全局的配置文件这个配置文件主要配置 tuned 服务相关的配置 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\)cat /etc/tuned/tuned-main.conf | grep -v ^#daemon 1 #指定是否使用守护进程模式 dynamic_tuning 0 #指定是否启用动态调整功能。如果设置为 1将启用动态调整功能否则仅使用静态调整。 sleep_interval 1 update_interval 10 recommend_command 1 reapply_sysctl 1 default_instance_priority 0 udev_buffer_size 1MB log_file_count 2 log_file_max_size 1MB ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(当然我们也可以定义自己的配置文件做优化 自定义调优方案 可以自定义调优方案, tuned 调优方法一般分为 动态和静态两种 静态调优一次性应用预设好的内核参数(这里的内核参数主要指 /sys 或者 /proc 中的内核参数)动态调优tunde 监控系统行为并根据行为动态调优优化内核参数比如有一个视频转码工作当视频转码时不需要网络连接此时可以降低网络接口速度以减少能耗当视频转码完成后网络接口数据长时间增加就设置将接口设置为最大速度。 /etc/tuned/目录下包含tuned-main.conf 文件全局配置文件主要用在动态调优,一般自定义的调优方案也放在这个位置 自定义调优方案一般会复制一个已有的调优方案做改动 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\)cp -r /usr/lib/tuned/throughput-performance/ /etc/tuned/liruilong-performance ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─$cat /etc/tuned/liruilong-performance/tuned.conf #

  tuned configuration

  #[main] summaryBroadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads[cpu] governorperformance energy_perf_biasperformance min_perf_pct100[disk]

  The default unit for readahead is KiB. This can be adjusted to sectors

  by specifying the relevant suffix, eg. (readahead 8192 s). There must

  be at least one space between the number and suffix (if suffix is specified).

  readahead4096[sysctl]

  ktune sysctl settings for rhel6 servers, maximizing i/o throughput

  #

  Minimal preemption granularity for CPU-bound tasks:

  (default: 1 msec# (1 ilog(ncpus)), units: nanoseconds)

  kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns 10000000# SCHED_OTHER wake-up granularity.

  (default: 1 msec# (1 ilog(ncpus)), units: nanoseconds)

  #

  This option delays the preemption effects of decoupled workloads

  and reduces their over-scheduling. Synchronous workloads will still

  have immediate wakeup/sleep latencies.

  kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 15000000# If a workload mostly uses anonymous memory and it hits this limit, the entire

  working set is buffered for I/O, and any more write buffering would require

  swapping, so its time to throttle writes until I/O can catch up. Workloads

  that mostly use file mappings may be able to use even higher values.

  #

  The generator of dirty data starts writeback at this percentage (system default

  is 20%)

  vm.dirty_ratio 40# Start background writeback (via writeback threads) at this percentage (system

  default is 10%)

  vm.dirty_background_ratio 10# PID allocation wrap value. When the kernels next PID value

  reaches this value, it wraps back to a minimum PID value.

  PIDs of value pid_max or larger are not allocated.

  #

  A suggested value for pid_max is 1024 * # of cpu cores/threads in system

  e.g., a box with 32 cpus, the default of 32768 is reasonable, for 64 cpus,

  65536, for 4096 cpus, 4194304 (which is the upper limit possible).

  #kernel.pid_max 65536# The swappiness parameter controls the tendency of the kernel to move

  processes out of physical memory and onto the swap disk.

  0 tells the kernel to avoid swapping processes out of physical memory

  for as long as possible

  100 tells the kernel to aggressively swap processes out of physical memory

  and move them to swap cache

  vm.swappiness10 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(关于 tuned.conf 配置文件这里做简单说明,可以 man 手册查看对应的信息 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\)man tuned.confmain [main]是主配置在 main 里面可用包含 include语句通过 include 语句可用加载特定的 profile可用基于已经存在的 profile 创建一个新的 profile如果两个 profile 定义了冲突的调优参数则以新定义的参数为准。 Plugins 插件 其他的配置段被定义为插件每个配置段都有一个名字名称是插件的唯一标识可以任意不能重复type Plugin type. 插件类型常见类型cpu,disk,mount,net,vm,sysctl,script,sysfs,scheduler,systemd. 如果使用插件名称和[NAME]一致,则 type 可以忽略, 查看当前支持的插件 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[] └─$ dpkg -L tuned | grep plugin_ /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_audio.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_bootloader.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_cpu.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_disk.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_eeepc_she.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_irqbalance.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_modules.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_mounts.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_net.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_rtentsk.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_scheduler.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_script.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_scsi_host.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_selinux.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_service.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_sysctl.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_sysfs.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_systemd.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_usb.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_video.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_vm.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/utils/plugin_loader.py ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[] └─\(查看插件支持的参数 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[~] └─\) cat /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_cpu.py | grep -A 10 config_optionsdef _get_config_options(self):return {load_threshold : 0.2,latency_low : 100,latency_high : 1000,force_latency : None,governor : None,sampling_down_factor : None,energy_perf_bias : None,min_perf_pct : None,max_perf_pct : None, ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[] └─$ cat /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins/plugin_disk.py | grep -A 10 config_optionsdef _get_config_options(cls):return {dynamic : True, # FIXME: do we want this default?elevator : None,apm : None,spindown : None,readahead : None,readahead_multiply : None,scheduler_quantum : None,}–def _get_config_options_used_by_dynamic(cls):return [apm,spindown,]def _instance_init(self, instance):instance._has_static_tuning Trueself._apm_errcnt 0self._spindown_errcnt 0 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[] └─$具体的参数配置需要结合实际的情况来处理,这里 sysctl 插件可以直接设置内核可调参数,script 插件可以引入自定义的调优脚本。但是需要结合 库函数使用script 更多用于动态调优 看一个 Demo vim tuned.conf [main]

  Includes plugins defined in included profile.

  includeincluded

  Define my_sysctl plugin

  [my_sysctl] typesysctl

  256 KB default performs well experimentally.

  net.core.rmem_default 262144 net.core.wmem_default 262144 [my_script] typescript script\({i:PROFILE_DIR}/profile.sh script 插件支持执行特定的脚本shell脚本位于/etc/tuned/profile-name目录下脚本库 /usr/lib/tuned/functions 可以用于导出常用函数。 \){i:PROFILE_DIR} 使⽤了可返回配置集和 tuned.conf ⽂件的位置的 PROFILE_DIR 内置函数所以引用文件可以直接使用 脚本必须能够识别start和stop参数当调优方案被激活时start参数启用调优设置。当调优方案被禁用时stop参数恢复所有前面应用的调优设置可以参考/usr/lib/tuned/powersave/script.sh。 ┌──[rootliruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned] └─\(cat /usr/lib/tuned/powersave/script.sh #!/bin/sh. /usr/lib/tuned/functionsstart() {[ \)USB_AUTOSUSPEND 1 ] enable_usb_autosuspendenable_wifi_powersavereturn 0 }stop() {[ \(USB_AUTOSUSPEND 1 ] disable_usb_autosuspenddisable_wifi_powersavereturn 0 }process \) # 调用 process 函数传递所有的参数对应的 函数调用可以在 函数库找到。 ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins] └─$ cat /usr/lib/tuned/functions | grep process

  main processing

  process() { ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins] └─$ cat /usr/lib/tuned/functions | grep enable# always patch cpuspeed configuration if exists, if it doesnt exist and is enabled,

  re-enable previous CPU governor settings

  enable multi core power savings for low wakeup systems

  enable_cpu_multicore_powersave() { THP_ENABLE/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [ -e \(THP_ENABLE ] || THP_ENABLE/sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled enable_transparent_hugepages() {# 0 auto, PM enabled enable_wifi_powersave() { enable_bluetooth() { enable_usb_autosuspend() { enable_snd_ac97_powersave() { enable_ksm() ┌──[roothp-ProLiant-SL270s-Gen8-SE]-[/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/tuned/plugins] └─\)tuned-adm verify验证是否配置都生效,查看日志var/log/tuned/tuned.log 博文部分内容参考 © 文中涉及参考链接内容版权归原作者所有如有侵权请告知这是一个开源项目如果你认可它不要吝啬星星哦 https://tuned-project.org/ 《 Red Hat Performance Tuning 442 》 https://www.cnblogs.com/fengyouyishuang/articles/17232438.html © 2018-2023 liruilongergmail.com, All rights reserved. 保持署名-非商用-相同方式共享(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)