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关于动漫的网站建设,seo数据分析哪些方面,电脑技术学习网站,百度高搜在去年2022年曾发布一篇关于脚手架的文章#xff1a;“Android JetPack Compose组件中Scaffold的应用” 。但是Android的版本从12变更到13及以上版本#xff0c;导致一些细节的实现存在不同。在本文中#xff0c;将从头开始介绍整个脚手架的搭建过程。 一、新建项目模块 在…在去年2022年曾发布一篇关于脚手架的文章“Android JetPack Compose组件中Scaffold的应用” 。但是Android的版本从12变更到13及以上版本导致一些细节的实现存在不同。在本文中将从头开始介绍整个脚手架的搭建过程。 一、新建项目模块 在Android Studio版本是Graffie)中新建模块选择“Empty Activity,如图1所示。 图1 二、定义脚手架Scaffold OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {},//定义底部导航bottomBar {},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {},content {//content定义中心区})或也可以定义成如下形式 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {},//定义底部导航bottomBar {},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {}){//content定义中心区} }与原来“Android JetPack Compose组件中Scaffold的应用” 最大的不同在于现在Android13版本的Scaffold取消了drawerContent的属性因此导致对于侧滑菜单的定义发生变化。 三、创建三个不同界面 首先定义一个通用的界面 Composable fun DisplayScreen(title:String, preColor: ColorColor.Black, backgroundColor:ColorcolorResource(R.color.teal_200)){Box(contentAlignment Alignment.Center,modifier Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(backgroundColor)){Text(text title,fontSize 30.sp,color preColor)} }然后定义的三个不同的界面分别调用上述的DisplayScreen组合函数代码分别如下运行效果如图2所示。 Composable fun HomeScreen(){DisplayScreen(title 首页) }Composable fun SettingScreen(){DisplayScreen(title 配置) }Composable fun HelpScreen(){DisplayScreen(title 帮助和支持) }图2 为了方便后续对这三个界面的切换定义一个通用的密封类Screen,代码如下 /*** 定义要切换界面的密封类Screen* property route String 导航线路名* property title String 标题* property icon ImageVector 图标* property loadScreen [androidx.compose.runtime.Composable] Function0Unit 加载动作处理* constructor*/ sealed class Screen(val route:String, val title:String, val icon: ImageVector, val loadScreen: Composable ()-Unit){object Home:Screen(home,首页, Icons.Filled.Home,loadScreen{HomeScreen()})object Setting:Screen(setting,配置,Icons.Filled.Settings, loadScreen {SettingScreen()})object Help:Screen(help,帮助和支持,Icons.Filled.Info, loadScreen {HelpScreen()}) }在此前提下定义一个保存要显示界面的列表 val screens listOf(Screen.Home,Screen.Setting,Screen.Help)四、定义底部导航栏 Composable fun BottomView(currentScreen: MutableStateScreen){BottomAppBar {screens.forEach {NavigationBarItem(selected currentScreen.value.route it.route,onClick {//定义点击动作currentScreen.value it},icon {Column(horizontalAlignment Alignment.CenterHorizontally){Icon(imageVector it.icon,tint Color.Blue,contentDescription it.title)Text(text it.title,fontSize 20.sp)}})}} }然后在Scaffold中进行调用因为需要保存一个当前屏幕的状态因此在MainScreen增加一个currentScreen的状态值修改MainScreen()如下所示。 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){val currentState:MutableStateScreen remember{mutableStateOf(Screen.Home)}Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {},//定义底部导航bottomBar {BottomView(currentScreen currentState)},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {}){//content定义中心区currentState.value.loadScreen()} }这时运行效果如图3所示。 图3 通过选择底部不同的按钮可以切换到不同的界面如图3所示。 五、定义顶部栏 定义顶部栏需要解决两个问题1需要在顶部栏定义顶部的右侧导航菜单2需要定义顶部的导航按钮使得启动侧滑菜单 1.定义顶部的后侧菜单 Composable fun MenuView(currentScreen: MutableStateScreen, expandedState:MutableStateBoolean){DropdownMenu(expanded expandedState.value,onDismissRequest {expandedState.value false}) {screens.forEach {DropdownMenuItem(leadingIcon {Icon(imageVector it.icon,contentDescription it.title)},text {Text(text it.title,fontSize 20.sp)}, onClick {currentScreen.value it})}} }然后再修改MainScreen通过一个状态参数expandedState的值判断是否打开菜单这时修改的MainScreen的代码如下 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){//保存当前界面val currentState:MutableStateScreen remember{mutableStateOf(Screen.Home)}//记录菜单是否可以扩展val expandedState remember{mutableStateOf(false)}Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {TopAppBar(//左侧的文本title { /TODO/ },//导航图标navigationIcon {},//按行处理的交互actions {IconButton(onClick{expandedState.value !expandedState.value}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.MoreVert,contentDescription More…)if(expandedState.value)MenuView(currentState, expandedState)}})},//定义底部导航bottomBar {BottomView(currentScreen currentState)},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {}){//content定义中心区currentState.value.loadScreen()} }这时代码的运行效果如图4所示。 图4 如图4所示可以发现右上角出现了更多的图标点击该图标会弹出一个菜单通过这个菜单可以切换不同的界面。 2.定义顶部栏的导航按钮启动侧滑菜单 定义侧滑菜单的内容代码如下所示 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) Composable fun DrawerView(currentScreen: MutableStateScreen, drawerState: DrawerState,scope:CoroutineScope){ModalNavigationDrawer(drawerState drawerState,drawerContent {Column(verticalArrangement Arrangement.Center,modifier Modifier.fillMaxHeight().width(360.dp).background(Color.White)){screens.forEach {NavigationDrawerItem(label {Text(it.title,fontSize 30.sp)},icon{Icon(imageVector it.icon,tintColor.Green,contentDescription null)},selected it.routecurrentScreen.value.route,onClick {scope.launch {currentScreen.value itdrawerState.close()}})}}}) {currentScreen.value.loadScreen()} }在此基础上修改MainScreen使得点击顶部栏的导航按钮可以弹出侧滑菜单 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){val currentState:MutableStateScreen remember{mutableStateOf(Screen.Home)}val expandedState remember{mutableStateOf(false)}val drawerState rememberDrawerState(initialValue DrawerValue.Closed)val scope rememberCoroutineScope()Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {TopAppBar(//左侧的文本title {Text(侧滑菜单)},//导航图标navigationIcon {IconButton(onClick{scope.launch {drawerState.open()}}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.ArrowForward,contentDescription 弹出侧滑菜单)}},//按行处理的交互actions {IconButton(onClick{expandedState.value !expandedState.value}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.MoreVert,contentDescription More…)if(expandedState.value)MenuView(currentState, expandedState)}})},//定义底部导航bottomBar {BottomView(currentScreen currentState)},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {}){ //content定义中心区//直接调用侧滑界面DrawerView(currentState, drawerState, scope )} }注意在MainScreen中的Scaffold的中心区修改为调用drawerView组合函数并增加DrawerState状态值控制侧滑菜单的启动和关闭通过调用drawerState的open函数和close函数分别实现。因为drawerState的open函数和close函数均为suspend挂起函数需要在协程中运行因此还增加了一个scope的参数用它来加载drawerState的open函数和close函数。 这时点击顶部栏的导航图标运行效果如图5所示。 图5 六、定义悬浮按钮 悬浮按钮定义在Scaffold脚手架的floatingActionButton属性对应的部分下列将定义一个悬浮按钮使得点击该按钮可以返回到首页。代码如下 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) SuppressLint(UnusedMaterial3ScaffoldPaddingParameter) Composable fun MainScreen(){val currentState:MutableStateScreen remember{mutableStateOf(Screen.Home)}val expandedState remember{mutableStateOf(false)}val drawerState rememberDrawerState(initialValue DrawerValue.Closed)val scope rememberCoroutineScope()Scaffold(……//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {FloatingActionButton(onClick {currentState.value Screen.Home}) {Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.Refresh,contentDescription 返回)}}){ //content定义中心区DrawerView(currentState, drawerState, scope )} }运行效果如图6所示。 图6 七、定义信息栏 定义一个信息栏增加一个状态值displayedSnackState,通过它来修改信息栏显示的控制。代码示例如下 Composable fun MainScreen(){val currentState:MutableStateScreen remember{mutableStateOf(Screen.Home)}val expandedState remember{mutableStateOf(false)}val drawerState rememberDrawerState(initialValue DrawerValue.Closed)val scope rememberCoroutineScope()val displayedSnackState remember { mutableStateOf(false)}Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {TopAppBar(//左侧的文本title {Text(侧滑菜单)},//导航图标navigationIcon {IconButton(onClick{scope.launch {drawerState.open()}}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.ArrowForward,contentDescription 弹出侧滑菜单)}},//按行处理的交互actions {IconButton(onClick{expandedState.value !expandedState.value}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.MoreVert,contentDescription More…)if(expandedState.value)MenuView(currentState, expandedState)}})},//定义底部导航bottomBar {BottomView(currentScreen currentState)},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {if(displayedSnackState.value){Snackbar(modifier Modifier.fillMaxWidth().background(Color.Blue),) {Text(提示信息:返回首页,fontSize 24.sp)}}},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {FloatingActionButton(onClick {currentState.value Screen.HomedisplayedSnackState.value !displayedSnackState.value}) {Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.Refresh,contentDescription 返回)}}){ //content定义中心区DrawerView(currentState, drawerState, scope )} }运行结果如图7所示 图7 八、状态优化的处理 在上述的处理过程中可以发现MainScreen中定义了很多的状态值这些状态值往往需要作为函数的参数进行传递处理过程复杂可以对这些状态值做一个优化处理。 首先定义一个类保存各种需要的状态。代码如下 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) class StateHolder(val currentScreen:MutableStateScreen,val expandedState: MutableStateBoolean,val drawerState: DrawerState,val displayedSnackState:MutableStateBoolean,val scope:CoroutineScope)然后再定义一个组合函数获取所有的状态值代码如下 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) Composable fun rememberStates(currentScreen: MutableStateScreen remember { mutableStateOf(Screen.Home) },expandedState: MutableStateBoolean remember { mutableStateOf(false) },drawerState: DrawerState rememberDrawerState(initialValue DrawerValue.Closed),displayedSnackState: MutableStateBoolean remember{mutableStateOf(false)},scope: CoroutineScope rememberCoroutineScope(), )StateHolder(currentScreen,expandedState,drawerState,displayedSnackState,scope)在此前提的基础上修改代码这时以MainScreen为例 Composable fun MainScreen(){val states rememberStates()Scaffold(//定义头部topBar {TopAppBar(//左侧的文本title {Text(侧滑菜单)},//导航图标navigationIcon {IconButton(onClick{states.scope.launch {states.drawerState.open()}}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.ArrowForward,contentDescription 弹出侧滑菜单)}},//按行处理的交互actions {IconButton(onClick{states.expandedState.value !states.expandedState.value}){Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.MoreVert,contentDescription More…)if(states.expandedState.value)MenuView(states)}})},//定义底部导航bottomBar {BottomView(states)},//定义信息提示区snackbarHost {if(states.displayedSnackState.value){Snackbar(modifier Modifier.fillMaxWidth().background(Color.Blue),) {Text(提示信息:返回首页,fontSize 24.sp)}}},//定义悬浮按钮floatingActionButton {FloatingActionButton(onClick {states.currentScreen.value Screen.Homestates.displayedSnackState.value !states.displayedSnackState.value}) {Icon(imageVector Icons.Filled.Refresh,contentDescription 返回)}}){ //content定义中心区DrawerView(states)} }同时对MainScreen调用的MenuView、BottomView和DrawerView中需要传递状态参数的函数进行修改修改的代码分别是 MenuView的定义 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) Composable fun MenuView(states:StateHolder){DropdownMenu(expanded states.expandedState.value,onDismissRequest {states.expandedState.value false}) {screens.forEach {DropdownMenuItem(leadingIcon {Icon(imageVector it.icon,contentDescription it.title)},text {Text(text it.title,fontSize 20.sp)}, onClick {states.currentScreen.value it})}} }BottomView的定义 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) Composable fun BottomView(states:StateHolder){BottomAppBar {screens.forEach {NavigationBarItem(selected states.currentScreen.value.route it.route,onClick {//定义点击动作states.currentScreen.value it},icon {Column(horizontalAlignment Alignment.CenterHorizontally){Icon(imageVector it.icon,tint Color.Blue,contentDescription it.title)Text(text it.title,fontSize 20.sp)}})}} }DrawerView的定义 OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class) Composable fun DrawerView(states:StateHolder){ModalNavigationDrawer(drawerState states.drawerState,drawerContent {Column(verticalArrangement Arrangement.Center,modifier Modifier.fillMaxHeight().width(360.dp).background(Color.White)){screens.forEach {NavigationDrawerItem(label {Text(it.title,fontSize 30.sp)},icon{Icon(imageVector it.icon,tintColor.Green,contentDescription null)},selected it.routestates.currentScreen.value.route,onClick {states.scope.launch {states.currentScreen.value itstates.drawerState.close()}})}}}) {states.currentScreen.value.loadScreen()} }通过这样的方式单一传递状态值在不同的组合函数共享。