网站建设的后期服务要包括什么网站拖拽

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网站建设的后期服务要包括什么,网站拖拽,手机ppt制作软件,可以做网站的软件上传歌曲以bing.com 为例

1. CA 层级的基本概念 CA 层级是一种树状结构#xff0c;由多个层级的 CA 组成。每个 CA 负责为其下一层级的实体#xff08;如子 CA 或终端实体#xff09;颁发证书。层级结构的顶端是 根 CA#xff08;Root CA#xff09;#xff0c;它是整个 PKI 体…以bing.com 为例 1. CA 层级的基本概念 CA 层级是一种树状结构由多个层级的 CA 组成。每个 CA 负责为其下一层级的实体如子 CA 或终端实体颁发证书。层级结构的顶端是 根 CARoot CA它是整个 PKI 体系的信任锚点。 主要角色 根 CARoot CA 位于层级结构的顶端。 自签名证书自己为自己颁发证书。 是信任链的起点。 中间 CAIntermediate CA 位于根 CA 和终端实体之间。 由根 CA 或上级中间 CA 颁发证书。 负责为终端实体或其他中间 CA 颁发证书。 终端实体End Entity 层级结构的最底层。 包括用户、设备、服务器等。 证书由中间 CA 颁发。 可以从中间ca获取公钥 模数(4096 位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公用指数(17 位):01 00 01 使用上述公钥验签对应私钥签名使用 RSA 加密的 PKCS #1 SHA-384 签名值如上上图红色部分。 import hashlibsign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signsign.replace(\n,).replace( ,) signint(sign,16) e0x10001 public_n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public_npublic_n.replace(\n,).replace( ,) public_nint(public_n,16)mpow(sign,e,public_n) print(hex(m))# 0x1ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff003041300d060960864801650304020205000430f0b5b67540085f352c9652c17655ece83bedc6ac86e490bbda003123f08d28ae5087e389f1dcf978e96c282d755bb5b6 如果解出来是0x1fffffff格式应该是解对了貌似PKCS #1的填充格式就是这样的。 RFC 8017: PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.2 基于以上格式可以提取出证书的hash值。 sha384f0b5b67540085f352c9652c17655ece83bedc6ac86e490bbda003123f08d28ae5087e389f1dcf978e96c282d755bb5b6 接下来手动计算证书的hash是否和我们提取的sha384相等。 先导出证书 base64编码的ascii 单个证书长这个样子 —–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—– MIINWTCCC0GgAwIBAgITMwD36wOscXLGFiN8dwAAAPfrAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwF ADBdMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEeMBwGA1UEChMVTWljcm9zb2Z0IENvcnBvcmF0aW9u MS4wLAYDVQQDEyVNaWNyb3NvZnQgQXp1cmUgUlNBIFRMUyBJc3N1aW5nIENBIDA4 MB4XDTI0MTIxNTA3NTIyOFoXDTI1MDYxMzA3NTIyOFowYzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMx CzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdSZWRtb25kMR4wHAYDVQQKExVNaWNyb3Nv ZnQgQ29ycG9yYXRpb24xFTATBgNVBAMTDHd3dy5iaW5nLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKOE2PRzy3AhT9TJGbN/JYTKDu5Asz7uUdFk nrLrXIEmmpn57QuVxuLVUgPkz/W8w5jaPHyHlzeqEP1ajswS1ocxqiYBcFTWhfS z7A6HIY3UzafEjhwM6EMibKro/H4Tkpb8QHz0iIeic4nPaIsXl3mM1YoSuR/f83k rQunifp7qUpkwmbj0OUVY1j0HPwc4TLHFk8sAAUtH8nq9B7oXT6jhEVE2dQPGavh 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LmNydDAtBggrBgEFBQcwAYYhaHR0cDovL29uZW9jc3AubWljcm9zb2Z0LmNvbS9v Y3NwMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSdG38i9dxNEO6vPvTS31L/30wD5jAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMC BaAwggURBgNVHREEggUIMIIFBIITKi5wbGF0Zm9ybS5iaW5nLmNvbYIKKi5iaW5n LmNvbYIIYmluZy5jb22CFmllb25saW5lLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb22CEyoud2luZG93 c3NlYXJjaC5jb22CGWNuLmllb25saW5lLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb22CESoub3JpZ2lu LmJpbmcuY29tgg0qLm1tLmJpbmcubmV0gg4qLmFwaS5iaW5nLmNvbYINKi5jbi5i aW5nLm5ldIINKi5jbi5iaW5nLmNvbYIQc3NsLWFwaS5iaW5nLmNvbYIQc3NsLWFw aS5iaW5nLm5ldIIOKi5hcGkuYmluZy5uZXSCDiouYmluZ2FwaXMuY29tgg9iaW5n c2FuZGJveC5jb22CFmZlZWRiYWNrLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb22CG2luc2VydG1lZGlh LmJpbmcub2ZmaWNlLm5ldIIOci5iYXQuYmluZy5jb22CECouci5iYXQuYmluZy5j b22CDyouZGljdC5iaW5nLmNvbYIOKi5zc2wuYmluZy5jb22CECouYXBwZXguYmlu Zy5jb22CFioucGxhdGZvcm0uY24uYmluZy5jb22CDXdwLm0uYmluZy5jb22CDCou bS5iaW5nLmNvbYIPZ2xvYmFsLmJpbmcuY29tghF3aW5kb3dzc2VhcmNoLmNvbYIO c2VhcmNoLm1zbi5jb22CESouYmluZ3NhbmRib3guY29tghkqLmFwaS50aWxlcy5k aXR1LmxpdmUuY29tghgqLnQwLnRpbGVzLmRpdHUubGl2ZS5jb22CGCoudDEudGls ZXMuZGl0dS5saXZlLmNvbYIYKi50Mi50aWxlcy5kaXR1LmxpdmUuY29tghgqLnQz LnRpbGVzLmRpdHUubGl2ZS5jb22CCzNkLmxpdmUuY29tghNhcGkuc2VhcmNoLmxp dmUuY29tghRiZXRhLnNlYXJjaC5saXZlLmNvbYIVY253ZWIuc2VhcmNoLmxpdmUu Y29tgg1kaXR1LmxpdmUuY29tghFmYXJlY2FzdC5saXZlLmNvbYIOaW1hZ2UubGl2 ZS5jb22CD2ltYWdlcy5saXZlLmNvbYIRbG9jYWwubGl2ZS5jb20uYXWCFGxvY2Fs c2VhcmNoLmxpdmUuY29tghRsczRkLnNlYXJjaC5saXZlLmNvbYINbWFpbC5saXZl LmNvbYIRbWFwaW5kaWEubGl2ZS5jb22CDmxvY2FsLmxpdmUuY29tgg1tYXBzLmxp dmUuY29tghBtYXBzLmxpdmUuY29tLmF1gg9taW5kaWEubGl2ZS5jb22CDW5ld3Mu bGl2ZS5jb22CHG9yaWdpbi5jbndlYi5zZWFyY2gubGl2ZS5jb22CFnByZXZpZXcu bG9jYWwubGl2ZS5jb22CD3NlYXJjaC5saXZlLmNvbYISdGVzdC5tYXBzLmxpdmUu Y29tgg52aWRlby5saXZlLmNvbYIPdmlkZW9zLmxpdmUuY29tghV2aXJ0dWFsZWFy dGgubGl2ZS5jb22CDHdhcC5saXZlLmNvbYISd2VibWFzdGVyLmxpdmUuY29tghV3 d3cubG9jYWwubGl2ZS5jb20uYXWCFHd3dy5tYXBzLmxpdmUuY29tLmF1ghN3ZWJt YXN0ZXJzLmxpdmUuY29tghhlY24uZGV2LnZpcnR1YWxlYXJ0aC5uZXSCDHd3dy5i aW5nLmNvbTAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMGoGA1UdHwRjMGEwX6BdoFuGWWh0dHA6Ly93 d3cubWljcm9zb2Z0LmNvbS9wa2lvcHMvY3JsL01pY3Jvc29mdCUyMEF6dXJlJTIw UlNBJTIwVExTJTIwSXNzdWluZyUyMENBJTIwMDguY3JsMGYGA1UdIARfMF0wUQYM KwYBBAGCN0yDfQEBMEEwPwYIKwYBBQUHAgEWM2h0dHA6Ly93d3cubWljcm9zb2Z0 LmNvbS9wa2lvcHMvRG9jcy9SZXBvc2l0b3J5Lmh0bTAIBgZngQwBAgIwHwYDVR0j BBgwFoAU9n4vvYCjSrJwWvfmh/Y7cphgAcwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYIKwYBBQUHAwIG CCsGAQUFBwMBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDAUAA4ICAQCXK5365FWyZxImxacFHAxSEwO GMWDQF04YTNlGI8je9UcfenvXdIVrQJfNyo1JMJW/XFGCC8xmCRZLvKJRkDqBD3P jzpo90t7PRlwVoOh07oHRcHGih8gIBNHptvwn/Oy1kk3iiDcV4gh9EYWcH2LxDtp tWMBE2hiKtrMAuL34/wdHQMw7K3Tb31HpOOqOpic0yiUOn5tOIAE8tUUdzEarQV 2w5ezi7TlZRyQgntIrDyCTBf9CoOuQzpFf4glPDlt5VYLHiKlgsdZbAQ2b4 B8YR0HxF5/eTRDgprt4/m9bk65pmjt69e3aORUPPPjEJOqKdlOA4p5Y5EELsOq v3VImLxqZ3Ol2xSHJylag9l3O4IcLm1lr0WWiHWrFaU6o0cBEoVaPEU7YNQ6lQmF 8NkXjVd34Kd8rb9l4adENPHIzpAfeB48MtLKM2TLy630EkFHPWOFzIoBfn6/QOn 4ThtYy9E6DCubXRZa8fck/rlKW35OdzKNSxnf5sB/lnX6uKrL024oT9v/pNJOx x21OFECacO8dqkw94vxlzS/utJaQ0agQhh5txtmAaOplEFvR8X1wlTQwPPm3Ji d37fiwwkG3jPSz7UQslGzt86UzVlhlGBwaXT8eS/RSmL8RBYro30utRYmAF4lmL 439ea68yck8AsoFpcA —–END CERTIFICATE—– 去掉前后的—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE———-END CERTIFICATE—–并解码base64。 30 82 0d 59 30 82 0b 41base64 解码后前八个字节最后两个字节0x0b41 指示剩下的部分的长度。tbs30 82 0b 41加上tbs的0xb41个字节。对这部分进行对应的hash后就能验证了。 import base64,hashlibfopen(rC:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\cert\www.bing.com,rb).read() contentf.split(b-)[10] b64debase64.b64decode(content.replace(b\r\n,b)) len1int.from_bytes(b64de[6:8],big) tbsb64de[4:8len1] sha384hashlib.sha384(tbs).hexdigest() print(hash:,sha384) hash: f0b5b67540085f352c9652c17655ece83bedc6ac86e490bbda003123f08d28ae5087e389f1dcf978e96c282d755bb5b6 target:f0b5b67540085f352c9652c17655ece83bedc6ac86e490bbda003123f08d28ae5087e389f1dcf978e96c282d755bb5b6 总结 用上一级CA的公钥解密对应私钥加密的签名数据提取其中的hash值并对证书的tbs部分进行对应的hash比较两个hash一致性这就是验签。 此例使用 RSA 加密的 PKCS #1 SHA-384