iTerm2终端工具在Mac OS上使用详解

一、概述

因个人工作需要，使用终端工具进行运维和开发工作，但是Mac OS 自带的终端工具使用堡垒机登录配置不了，而且使用CRT等终端工具每次登录堡垒机都需要配置密码，操作起来很麻烦。一直想找一款终端工具便于日常工作使用，偶遇了iTerm2，发现很强大的一款终端工具，网上配置很多，但是有些地方会有些不清楚的地方，我这边参照网上文档，边部署边记录，整理了下属文档，便于大家参考和自身查阅。

iTerm2是Terminal的替代品，是iTerm的后继产品。它适用于MacOS 10.12或更高版本的Mac。iTerm2将终端带入了您从未想过一直想要的功能，使其进入了现代时代。

二、 具体介绍

1. 安装 iTerm2

下载地址：https://www.iterm2.com/downloads.html

下载的是压缩文件，解压后是执行程序文件，你可以直接双击，或者直接将它拖到 Applications 目录下。

或者你可以直接使用 Homebrew 进行安装：

$ brew cask install iterm2

注意：有些人MAC 上没有brew安装命令，请执行如下命令进行安装：

$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

2. 配置 iTerm2 主题

iTerm2 最常用的主题是 Solarized Dark theme，下载地址：http://ethanschoonover.com/solarized

Command + , 】Profiles -> Colors -> Color Presets -> Importsolarized->iterm2-colors-solarized->Solarized Dark.itermcolors

3. 配置 Oh My Zsh

Oh My Zsh 是对主题的进一步扩展，地址：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh　　

一键安装：

$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Cloning Oh My Zsh...

xcode-select: note: no developer tools were found at '/Applications/Xcode.app', requesting install. Choose an option in the dialog to download the command line developer tools.

Error: git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed

Eason:Library linan$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Cloning Oh My Zsh...

Cloning into '/Users/linan/.oh-my-zsh'...

remote: Enumerating objects: 1089, done.

remote: Counting objects: 100% (1089/1089), done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1030/1030), done.

remote: Total 1089 (delta 23), reused 874 (delta 19), pack-reused 0

Receiving objects: 100% (1089/1089), 716.00 KiB | 65.00 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (23/23), done.
Looking for an existing zsh config...

Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.
Time to change your default shell to zsh:

Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] y

Changing the shell...

Changing shell for linan.

Password for linan:

Shell successfully changed to '/bin/zsh'.
__                                     __

  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_

 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \

/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /

\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/

                        /____/                       ....is now installed!
Please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.
p.s. Follow us on https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh
p.p.s. Get stickers, shirts, and coffee mugs at https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh
➜  Library

安装好之后，需要把 Zsh 设置为当前用户的默认 Shell（这样新建标签的时候才会使用 Zsh）：　　

$ chsh -s /bin/zsh

然后，我们编辑vim ~/.zshrc文件，将主题配置修改为ZSH_THEME="agnoster"。

$ vim ~/.zshrc
# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.

# export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.

export ZSH="/Users/linan/.oh-my-zsh"
# Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will

# load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case,

# to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME

# See https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes

ZSH_THEME="agnoster"       //修改主题

agnoster是比较常用的 zsh 主题之一，你可以挑选你喜欢的主题，zsh 主题列表：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/themes　　

4. 配置 Meslo 字体

使用上面的主题，需要 Meslo 字体支持，要不然会出现乱码的情况，字体下载地址：Meslo LG M Regular for Powerline.ttf

下载好之后，直接在 Mac OS 中双击安装即可。

然后打开 iTerm2，按【Command + , 】键，打开 Preferences 配置界面，然后Profiles -> Text -> Font -> Chanage Font，选择 Meslo LG M Regular for Powerline 字体。　　

12px

Command + ,fontFamily"terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "Meslo LG M for Powerline"

5. 声明高亮

效果就是上面截图的那样，特殊命令和错误命令，会有高亮显示。　　

使用 Homebrew 安装：

$ brew install zsh-syntax-highlighting

vim ~/.zshrc

source /usr/local/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh　　

具体如下：

...................

# Compilation flags

# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"
# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,

# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh

# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.

# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.

#

# Example aliases

# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"

# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"

source /usr/local/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh　　

保存后，执行变量生效命令

source /etc/profile

6. 自动建议填充

这个功能是非常实用的，可以方便我们快速的敲命令。

zsh-autosuggestions

$ git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

vim ~/.zshrcpluginszsh-autosuggestions

pluginszsh-syntax-highlighting

有时候因为自动填充的颜色和背景颜色很相似，以至于自动填充没有效果，我们可以手动更改下自动填充的颜色配置，我修改的颜色值为：3a717f，示例：　　

7. 左右键跳转

option + → or ←

Command + ,Profiles → Keys → Load Preset... → Natural Text Editing

8. iTerm2 快速隐藏和显示

Commond + .

9. iTerm2 隐藏用户名和主机名

@EasondeMacBook-Pro

vim ~/.zshrcDEFAULT_USER="eason"

10. iTerm2 配置代理

~ vim ~/.zshrc

# proxy list

alias proxy='export all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:1086'

alias unproxy='unset all_proxy'

iTerm2 需要新建标签页，才有效果：　　

$ proxy

$ curl ip.cn

当前 IP：185.225.14.5 来自：美国
$ unproxy

$ curl ip.cn

当前 IP：115.236.186.130 来自：浙江省杭州市 电信

我们可以测试下：　　

$ curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
<html>

  <head>

    <title>Directory listing for /yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/</title>

  </head>

  <body>

    <h2>Index of /yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/</h2>

    <p></p>

    <a href="/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/repodata">repodata</a><br />

  </body>

</html>

11. iTerm2 快捷命令